17-4PH stainless steel is in category of precipitation hardenable stainless steel that is very applicable in lots of industries such as marine industries for ship engines shaft and turbines due to its excelent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. Noting to the application types of this alloy, better wear and fatigue behavior is desired. In this desertation, surface properties and fatigue strengh of this steel have been investigated by simultaneous aging and plasma nitriding. In addition to improving surface properties, maintaing the corrosion resistance was a considered target. In aging process, the best time/temperature set of heat treatment cycle was determined by measuring hardness, residual stress and tensile strength. 17-4PH experienced the best mechanical properties by aging at 400 ?C for 10 h. In plasma nitriding, time and tempertaure of the process were chosen in such a way that in addition of niriding of specimens' surface, their core become aged by precipitation hardening. The best cycle for plasma nitriding was specified by investigation of nitrided layer phases, thichness, surface and core hardness, nitrogen concentration and formed residual stress from surfece to core. Plasma nitriding at 500 ?C for 5 h caused thicker nitrided layer, more diffusion of nitrogen and higher hardness and residual stress on the surface of specimens. Results showed that aging can occured during plasma nitriding process. On the other hand, electrochemical tests revealed that plasma nitriding at low temperature (400 ?C) leads to better corrosion resistance of the alloy against pitting; because expanded martensite allows atomic nitrogens to leave crystallyne lattice into electrolyte, and prevent nucleation and growth of pits by formation of NH 4+ and making the media more basic. Fatigue tests results showed that aging heat treatment and simultaneous aging and plasma nitriding can improve fatigue strengh of the alloy by 32 % and 44 % respectively. By comparing S-N curves, it was concluded that fatigue properties in higher stresses is more affected by surface properties; however, fatigure behavior in lower stresses is more controled by core properties of specimens. Fatigue fracture surface of plasma nitrided specimens represented that fatigue crack initiation is under the surface, in contrast of just aged specimens. nanohardness and residual stress measurements indicated that crack initiation was at the point in which the tensile residual stress is at its maximum.