: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of initial microstructures and cold rolling variables during thermomechanical treatment of cold rolling and annealing on microstructures and mechanical properties of the 16MnCr5 dual-phase steel. The as-received ferritic–pearlitic steel was first austenitized followed by intercritical annealing to form the ferritic-martensitic dual-phase microstructure. Then the ferritic-martensitic steel was cold rolled up to 50% reduction in thickness, while the ferrite-pearlitic one to 50 and 70% reduction in thickness, using both conventional and cross rolling. It was found that cross rolling plays a great influence on the volume percentage of the martensite formed by intercritical annealing, such that the martensite volume fraction was increased 90% in the 50% rolled sample with initial ferrite- martensite structure, while it increased 145 and 170% in the 50 and 70% rolled samples with initial ferrite-pearlite structure, respectively. Thereby cross rolling caused a significant increase in both yield and tensile strength, especially for the ferritic–pearlitic initial microstructure in which the yield and tensile strengths were increased about 90 and 50%, respectively, while the uniform and total elongations were decreased to approximately 30%. The reason was thought to be due to a decrease in the ferrite grain size and an increase in the martensite volume fraction. The 70% cross rolled steel with the initial microstructure of ferritic-pearlitic microstructure showed the best mechanical properties including tensile strength and uniform elongation of 1175 MPa and 11.5%, respectively. Keywords: Martensite reversion thermomechanical processing, Dual-phase steel, Conventional and cross rolling, intercritical annealing