In the past, to cure damaged human body tissues, tissue removal has been practiced. But, today, the quality of life and treatment condition of patients have been improved because of tissue engineering and the use of scaffolds. Due to the mechanical restrictions of biopolymers and bioceramics, more attention has been paid to the metallic biomaterials for broken bone fixation and dental implants. High density, high elastic modulus and the absence of bioactivity are some limitations in the use of metallic biomaterials. With porosifing metallic biomaterials, it is possible to alleviate some of these restrictions and improve implant fixation in the bone. Because of the good in vivo corrosion resistance of titanium in the body, in this research, porous titanium implants have been fabricated and superior mechanical and chemical properties have been achieved, in comparison to commercial implants. Volume percent, morphology and the size of pores can influence the mechanical properties of the porous implant. In this study, the effect of volume, size and shape of the pores on the mechanical properties of titanium foam was investigated. The effect of cold compaction pressure and spacer type (ammonium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) on the mechanical, chemical and microstructural properties of titanium foam was investigated and the superior condition of titanium foam fabrication for implantation in body hard tissue was determined. Also, as titanium is bioinert, two different types of surface modification (hydrogen peroxide and alkali- heat treatment) were performed on the titanium foam, and the superior procedure was performed on the titanium foam containing the selected porosity. It was found that the biocompatibility of titanium foam was improved and better fixation in the bone was achieved due to porosity and bioactivity. The results also indicated that in the view of mechanical properties, sodium chloride was a more appropriate spacer agent in comparison to ammonium bicarbonate. The circularity of the pores of titanium foam vs. spacer agent particles was reduced by 4 percent, when the spacer agent was sodium chloride and cold compaction pressure was 200 MPa. On the other hand, the reduction was 29 percent when the spacer agent was ammonium bicarbonate. Because of the thermal degradation of ammonium bicarbonate during titanium sintering and the chemical reaction between degradation products and titanium, ammonium bicarbonate was not identified as a suitable spacer agent to make titanium porous through powder metallurgy for medical application. Although the alkali- heat treatment caused the rutile formation on the surface of titanium and hydrogen peroxide treatment led to the anatase formation on the surface of titanium, and anatase was more ore bioactive than Rutile, in vitro bioactivity evaluation using immersion in simulated body fluid and cell culture test indicated that surface modification of titanium using alkali- heat treatment was more effective than hydrogen peroxide treatment. The cell viability, after 5 day cell culture on the alkali- heat treated titanium foams, was increased by 130 percent, as compared to the control sample, and by 80 percent for hydrogen peroxide treated sample. By using both surface treatment procedures, the inner pores of titanium foam were modified and the wettability of titanium was improved too. Both types of surface treatment reduced the contact angle of water on titanium by 60 percent. Keywords Titanium foam; Space hoder method, Load bearing implants, Surface modification, Bioactivity, Micro and macro pores