Today,lignocellulosic biomass, which is mainly composed of cellulose andhemicellulose carbohydrates, is an appropriate option for the production ofbiofuels and other valuable bio-based products. Because of their complexstructure, these carbon sources require efficient pre-processing beforeenzymatic and microbial conversion. One of the most effective methods forpre-treatment is the use of ionic liquids. The only drawback of these methodsis the high price of ionic liquids. The most effective ionic liquids used forpre-treatment are imidazolium-based ionic liquids. In the first part of thisstudy, cationic morpholinium-based ionic liquids were synthesized to reduce thecost of ionic liquid compared to imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Upon initialinvestigation on rice straw, ionic liquid N-H-N-methyl morpholinium chloride([HMMorph] [Cl]) was synthesized during one reaction step at ambient pressurein a water bath and ice. The raw materials used for this ionic liquid werehydrochloric acid and methyl morpholine, both of which are affordable andinexpensive. Preliminary results on the rice straw showed that this ionicliquid, first synthesized for pre-treatment processing, was highly effective.In the second part of the study, the pretreatment conditions of rice straw wereoptimized by this ionic liquid. The optimum pre-treatment conditions consistedof solvent containing 50% water, which showed the extra potential of this ionicliquid in reducing the pretreatment costs, a temperature of 120 ° C for 5 hwith a 5% (w/w) solid loading and a particle size of 0.177-0.841 mm wasobtained. Afterwards, bioethanol production during separated hydrolysis andfermentation (SHF) of the pre-treated rice straw by [HMMorph] [Cl] wasinvestigated and compared with the results of ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM] [Ac]). Ethanol yields improved from 21% for untreatedrice straw to 64% and 66% after pre-treatment with [HMMorph] [Cl] and [EMIM][Ac], respectively. In the third part of the project, the effect of the synthesizedionic liquid was investigated on birch and spruce woods as representative ofhard and soft woods, respectively. Optimum pretreatment conditions wereobtained for both woods at 140 ° C for 3 h. Under these conditions, ethanolyields from birch and spruce woods were 34% and 44%, respectively. In thefourth section, the production of p -coumaric acid from lignocellulose ascarbon sources was investigated using the genetically manipulated yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae . The amounts of coumaric acid produced from untreated rice strawand birch were 20.4 and 7.5 mg / L, respectively. The amount of p -coumaricacid was improved after pre-treatment by ionic liquids [HMMorph] [Cl] and[EMIM] [Ac]. Production of coumaric acid from rice straw and birch pretreatedwith [HMMorph] [Cl] was 56.4 and 42 mg / L, respectively. The highestproduction of p -coumaric acid (78 mg / l) was related to pre-treatedbirch wood with [EMIM] [Ac], which is more than 10 times higher than the untreatedbirch wood. In general from the laboratory results, it was found that the synthesizedionic liquid was an inexpensive and suitable ionic liquid for pre-treatment ofrice straw as a representative of agricultural wastes, spruce wood (softwoodrepresentative) and birch wood (hardwood representative). Furthermore, itsperformance was better than the expensive [EMIM] [Ac] ionic liquid.