materials. However, feedstock cost and overall yield are the most important factors that affect the economic outcome in bioethanol production process. The sugary substrates are easily fermentable; however, they are comparatively expensive. On the other hand, cellulosic materials are cheap and available in large amounts. However, ethanol production from lignoceluloses is very complicated and expensive. The starchy substrates are promising due to their economic viability and availability. Nowadays, most of ethanol is produced from starchy materials such as wheat and corn. Fermentation is the most important step in ethanol production by fermentation in which the microorganism plays an important role. Zygomycetes are saprophytic filamentous fungi, which are able to efficiently produce several metabolites including ethanol and glycerol. Furthermore, the biomass of these fungi contains appreciated level of chitosan. Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer with numerous applications especially in the agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries as well as superabsorbent production. The fungi do not show the drawbacks of common ethanol producing microorganisms . Among the fungi, Mucor hiemalis and Rhizopus oryzae are relatively unexplored filamentous fungi with some advantages compared to others. The objective of this work was production of bioethanol from waste wheat flour by fungus M. hiemalis and R. oryzae . First, the wheat flour (20% w/v) was subjected to liquefaction by a commercial ?-amylase. Then, the liquefied syrup was saccharified by glucoamylase in order to produce fermentable sugar. The fermentation experiments were performed at various glucose concentrations, i.e., 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100 % wheat flour hydrolyzate, as well as pure starch hydrolysate as a reference. The media were supplemented with necessary nutrients and inoculated with two different concentrations of the fungi (1 and 10 g/L). Maximum ethanol yield were obtained as 0.38 g/g and 0.39 g/g with initial fungal biomass of 1 g/L and 10 g/L R. oryzae , respectively, in fermentation of 30% wheat flour hydrolysate. Moreover, maximum ethanol yield were obtained as 0.40 g/g and 0.43 g/g at the same conditions, respectively, for M. indicus . The biomasses of the fungi were also analyzed regarding the protein, alkali insoluble materials, and chitosan. The results showed that concentration of glucose had no significant effects on the amount of protein in the biomass of the fungi. The highest yield of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucosamine observed for R. oryzae . Overall yield of 286.8 and 294.5 g ethanol per kg of initial wheat flour was obtained with initial fungal biomass of 1 g/L and 10 g/L R. oryzae , and 301.9 and 324.6 with initial fungal biomass of 1 g/L and 10 g/ L Mucor hiemalis respectively.