In recent decades, reduction of fossil fuel resources and increasing production of greenhouse gases due to the consumption of these fuels has led to vast investigations in production of fuels using sustainable energy resources. Production of biofuels from lignocellulosic materials leavings of agricultural wastes have arisen as an alternative way of fossil fuel production. In this research, production of biogas and ethanol was carried out using straw of safflower plant as a lignocellulosic material. In order to improve the yield of biogas and bioethanol production, alkaline (sodium carbonate) and hydrothermal pretreatment was carried out on the safflower straw. The pretreatments were carried out in 120°C, 150°C and 180°C and in 1hr, 2hr and 5hr respectively. In alkaline pretreatment, sodium carbonate concentration was 0.5 and 1.0 M. After neutralization, for the purpose of biogas production, the resultant liquid was subjected to anaerobic digestion. In order to determine the amount of released sugar, both the untreated sample and the resultant solid from pretreatment was hydrolyzed using the mixture of Cellic CTec and Cellic Htec enzymes at cellulase loading of 10 and 20 FPU/g substrate. For production of ethanol and biogas, solid samples were subjected to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) as well as anaerobic digestion. Produced biogas and ethanol from the equal amount of substrate due to the mentioned processes, then, were compared based on the heat value. For cellulase loading of 10 FPU/g substrate , the maximum obtained yield of enzymatic hydrolysis for both the untreated samples and the hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatment samples was 14.7%, 78.2% and 88.7% respectively. The best yield of methane production from liquid fraction of hydrothermal pretreatment (at 180°C and 5hr) and alkaline pretreatment (at 180°C, 0.5M and 5hr) was 443.9 and 88.2 mL/g VS, respectively. The maximum amount of produced methane from solid samples which was resulted from hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatment was 191.4 and 132.7 mL/g VS respectively. For untreated solid sample, this value was 92.1 mL/g VS. While the yield of ethanol production for untreated sample was just 9.9%, this value reached to 60.3% and 58.1% for hydrothermal pretreatment (at 180°C and 5 h) and alkaline pretreatment (at 180°C, 0.5 M and 5 h) respectively. The highest amount of produced equivalent energy from 1 ton of safflower straw in hydrothermal pretreatments (at 120°C and 1 h) and hydrothermal pretreatments (at 120°C, 0.5 M and 1 h) was equal to 164.93 and 113.86 litre gasoline respectively. The results of NREL showed that both the two pretreatment methods were led to increase in the amount of glucan in samples. In high temperature, major fraction of hemicellulose was eliminated. Pretreatment processes were not so effective in lignin elimination. In addition, in hydrothermal pretreatment, increase in temperature led to hemicellulose elimination and lignin increase. By performing pretreatment process, the amount of water swelling capacity for all the samples increased. For untreated sample, the water swelling capacity was 3.5 g water/g dry solid and reached to 8.5 g water/g dry solid in the best case. Keywords: biofuel, biogas, Ethanol, anaerobic digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis, sodium carbonate, hydrothermal