Ethanol can be produced from sugar, starch, and lignocellulose-based raw materials. Based on the type of feedstock, the whole process and energy and water consumptions may significantly vary. High energy costs in European countries and lack of water resources in some Asian countries, especially in the Middle East, are the main concerns of process engineers. In this study, energy and water consumption in ethanol production process from two feed stocks (sugarcane and sugarcane bagasse) have been optimized with respect to economical features. Fourteen scenarios for both raw materials have been designed and simulated with Aspen plus and then evaluated with Aspen PEA. Since separation and dehydration units for both feed types are among the most energy consumers, various scenarios (like dividing wall column, thermally coupled columns and pervaporation) have been studied. Profitability Index(PI) of using dividing wall column, thermally coupled columns and pervaporation for sugar-based and lignocellulose-based raw material were 1.1, 1.16, 1.08, 2.16, 2.23 and 2.23 ,respectively, while 1 and 2.12 have been reported a PI of base cases of first and second-generation ethanol. In ethanol production process from sugarcane, an evaporation unit has been embedded to produce steam and save pert water. In this regard, different scenarios such as single, double and triple-effects evaporators with and without thermal vapor recompression (TVR) showed positive economical results. In fact, their PIs were 1.3, 1.14, 1.23, 1, 1.18, and 1.07, respectively. It can be concluded that TVR can play an important role in process economics. As too much water was consumed due to solid-state raw material in second-generation ethanol production process, a wastewater unit was designed. To reduce amount of pert water, two scenarios (an evaporator before and after anaerobic digester) with PI of 2.57 and 2.52 have been suggested, respectively. In second-generation ethanol production process, lignocellulose-based raw material has been pretreated with sodium carbonate, which is not only expensive, but also may be inhibitor in biogas production.Thus, in the last scenario, electro dialysis method has been implemented to separate Sodium Carbonate to some extent, but it didn’t work because of high electricity demand in electro dialysis. Briefly, all scenarios in separation, dehydration, evaporation and wastewater treatment units except electro dialysis lead to better efficiency. Keywords: First-generation ethanol, Second-generation ethanol, Energy, Water