In this study different series of optically active poly(amide-imide)s (PAI)s and poly(amide-imide-ether-urethane)s (PAIEU)s based on a pre-formed imide ring diacid monomer and L -leucine were successfully synthesized and the effect of different reaction parameters and structural characteristics on their physical properties were studied. First, different series of optically active PAIs were prepared by the direct polycondensation reaction of bis(p-amido benzoic acid)- N -trimellitylimido- L -leucine (BPABTL) (5) as a diacid monomer with 4,4'-methylene bis(4-phenylisocyanate) (MDI) (6) , tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) (7) , hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (8) , and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (9) . The polymerization reactions were performed under microwave irradiation, solution polymerization under graduate heating and reflux condition in the presence of pyridine (Py), dibuthyltin dilurate (DBTDL), triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst and without catalyst, respectively. The resulting polymers have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.09-1.10 dL/g. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses (CHN), specific rotation and thermal analyses methods. In the other part of this study, BPABTL was used as a constituent building of hard segment of different series of optically active segmented PAIEUs. The solution copolymerization reactions were performed under graduate heating in the presence of different catalysts and without catalyst, respectively. The optimized reaction conditions according to catalysts, reaction solvent, reaction temperature and time were obtained and were used for other investigations. All of the above PAIEUs were fully characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses (CHN), and specific rotation. The effect of different reaction parameters and structural characteristics such as soft segment length, soft segment type, hard to soft segment content ratio, polymerization method (one step Vs. two step), on their physical properties including viscosity, phase separation, crystallinity, thermal resistance, solvent resistance, environmental resistance, and dynamic thermal behavior of these PAIEUs were studied. Their different properties were studied by solubility test, FT-IR, SEM, WAXS, DMTA, DSC, and TGA techniques.