In this research project, at first, a new nanostructured and thermally stable poly(amide-imide) (PAI) derived from 4,4?-methylene-bis(3-chloro-2,6-diethyl trimellitimidobenzene) and 3,5-diamino- N -(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzamide was synthesized via direct polycondensation using tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a green media and triphenylphosphite (TPP) as a condensing agent. Solvents commonly used in chemical reactions are highly toxic and have adverse effects on human health and the environment pass. To prevent this, the polymerization reactions were carried out in TBAB as a molten ionic liquid salt and in the presence of TPP as the condensing agent. Structure of the obtained polymers was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. The surface morphology of the polymer was also studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis. The resulting images showed that the polymer particles were almost spherical with a diameter 35 nm. In the next section, the polymer-based nanocomposites (NC)s containing modified Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CA-MWCNT) were prepared. NCs were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted solution blending method. The fabricated composites were investigated and studied by different analytical methods like FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), FE-SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Obtained micrographs from FE-SEM and TEM depicted uniform dispersion of ZnO and CA-MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. In another section of the project, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)s were functionalized by simple carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose. Then, functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNT)s were used as fillers in an optically active and biodegradable PAI based on N -trimellitylimido-S-valine diacid and 4,4?-methylenebis(3-chloro-2,6-diethylaniline) diamine. So, a new series of chiral bionanocomposites (BNC)s were prepared and structural characterization of the BNCs was performed with different techniques. TGA results showed that thermal stability of the BNCs was increased by increasing of f-MWCNT compare to the pure PAI. Also, the Obtained micrographs from FE-SEM and TEM showed uniform dispersion of f-MWCNT in the polymer matrix.