Today, synthesis of ionic liquids is an essential part of green chemistry. Ionic liquids, as an important category of chemical compounds, cover a wide range of catalytic activity. In the first w imidazolium containing six nuclear was synthesized heterogenization by coating with mesoporous silica. The immobilized ionic liquid (IL@SiO 2 ) exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the production of cyclic carbonates through cycloaddition of different epoxides with CO 2 in the solvent-free conditions. The IL@SiO 2 catalyst was characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, TG, and BET. The influence of various factors was investigated on cyclic carbonates formation such as pressure, time, the amount of catalyst and temperature. In the second, vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) has been embedded in a titania matrix. The adsorption capacity of the VPO@TiO 2 composites for the removal of the harmful cationic dye such as methylene blue (MB) has been extensively investigated. The FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM, EDX, and BET techniques were applied for characterizing of the adsorbents. The adsorption behavior of the MB on the VPO@TiO 2 composite was investigated with variations in the mass of sorbent, initial dye concentration, solution pH, temperature, and contact time. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best fit for the adsorption data. The Langmuir adsorption model was selected as the best model. Maximum equilibrium adsorption capacities of 61.35 mg/g for MB was achieved. The selective adsorption of MB with other dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) has been studied. In the third project, two mesoporous VPO@TiO 2 and VPO@C catalysts were prepared by trapping VPO in a matrix of TiO 2 or carbon fibers and catalysts were characterized by different techniques. The catalysts were used in benzene oxidation. Many parameters like temperature, time and the effect of solvent, and the amount of catalyst were survived.
