Nitration of organic compounds is one of the very important processes in the chemical industries and has long been a very active and rewarding area of research because nitroaromatic compounds are extensively utilized as chemical feedstocks for a wide range of useful materials. In order to overcome difficulties and disadvantages such as low selectivity, the requirement of large quantities of mineral (a mixture of nitric acid and an excess of sulfuric acid) or a stoichiometric amount of a Lewis acid (such as boron triflouride) as activators and eventual corrosion within the plant some reagents and catalysts have been applied by researchers, for instance, mixed metal oxide, lanthanide reagents, NaHSO 4 -H 2 O, Mg(HSO 4 ) 2 , and Oxone1. However, the search still continues for newer and more efficient nitration protocols. Room temperature ionic liquids captured the attention of the scientists because of their high ionic conductivity, low vapor pressure, thermal stability, and wide electrochemical window that these compounds have become a novel solution to problems encountered with organic solvents. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids are commonly used given their easy manipulation and wide liquid range at room temperature when combined with different anions such as chloride. The unique nitration of the Aromatic Compounds was examined on one type of Iranian clay (Salafchegan) under the nonpolare solvent conditions using cyclohexane. For this propose, clay was modified in some steps. Then IL (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ) wa immobilized on Clay surface. Our solid catalyst with 4 different weight percents (1,5,10,15 wt%) characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM. Nitration by this catalyst (caly/IL) had good conversion of starting materials and excellent slectivity. Reaction conditions were optimized for nitration by varying temperature, amount of catalysis and time. 99% conversion of Phenol with 94% selectivity (p-nitrophenol) was obtained. The reaction did proceed in the absence of catalysis by 67% conversion and 57% selectivity (p-nitrophenol) and 43% (o-nitrophenol) and negligible dinitrophenol.
