In this project attempted to study the effect of counterion of chloride,ultrasonic wave, synthesis in two phase systems, variouse surfactants, viscosity and performance the reaction in organic phase , on shape and particles size in disproportionation method. The Disproportionation reaction is a reaction in which the sam element is both oxidized and reduced. Some element for example Ag, Au, Zn can perform disproportionation reaction. for disproportionation reaction of copper , Cu + ion is needed. In this work after preparation of Cu + ion, in order to progress the disproportionation reaction ethylenediamine added to solution . Copper nanopowder were characterized by UV-VIS absorbtion spectrume, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-VIS spectra (plasmonic spectra) of these Nanosized copper Nanoparticles is sensitive to particles size and hence spectral measurements were used to monitor the particles growth prosess. In this work investigated replacing HCl with NaCl and KCl. Plasmonic spectra and SEM images showed that HCl replacing with NaCl and KCl without complete elimination of HCl, could decrease copper particles size wavelength of plasmonic spectra .The kind of salts hadn’t much effect on the particles size.when salt consumed only the particles size were in micro order without any pick in its plasmonic spectra. In continue of this project the synthesis of copper nanopowder performed in chloroform, n-hexane and dichloromethane two phase systems.any of this matrial consumed in two small and great volume. The results showed that synthesis of copper nanopowder in two phase system with great volume of n-hexane cause more decrease in particles size rather than two phase systems with chloroform and dichloromethane. The amount and kinds of surfactants including PVA, sodium oleat and dodcylbenzyl solfonic acid lead to decrease in particles size. The results showed that PVA cause the most decrease in particles size. addition of glysrol into solution decreased the size of copper particles. glysrol can increase the solvent viscosity therefore finded that increase the solvent viscosity can decrease the particles size.To investigation solvent effect the disproportionation reaction toke place in dimethyl solfoxide (DMSO) as organic solvent instead water solvent.using of DMSO in thise system caused to produce CuO nanopowder in the presence of dissolved oxygen. But disproportionation reaction of copper in DMSO at N 2 atmosphere and absence of O 2 lead to produce mixture of Cu and Cu 2 O.
