Production of nanofibers through electrospinning has attracted the attention of many researchers because of their unique properties and remarkable advantages.Carboxymethylchitosan is an intresting natural biopolymer for many of its merits and good biological properties in this research, we investigated the electrospinning of carboxymethylchitosan in two parts. In the first part, the pure carboxymethylchitosan system was studied and then the effects of additives such as acid and some organic solvents to improve the spinnability of the polymer solution was also investigated. The results showed that aqueous solution of carboxymethylchitosan can not be electrospun into ultrafine fibers and even introducing additives to the polymer solution did not make the electrinning of carboxymethylchitosan possible. In the second part, blended systems of carboxymethylchitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(ethylene oxide) separately were examined and were electrospun. The morphology and diameter of electrospun fibers were observed and determined with the use of an optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM photographs indicated that carboxymethylchitosan(6% w/v)-PVA(8% w/v) blended system in the volume ratio 35:65 and carboxymethylchitosan(6% w/v)-PEO(6% w/v) blended system in the volume ratio 50:50 could be electrospun to homogenous fibers with an average diameter 218.3 nm and 83.2 nm,respectively. Rheological studies showed a strong dependence of electrospinnability and fiber morphology on solution viscosity and thus on carboxymethylchitosan-to-synthetic polymer(PVA or PEO) blend ratios. In addition, FTIR technique has been used to characterize the miscibility of polymer blends. Results also showed that increasing the proportion of carboxymethylchitosan in polymeric blends increased the moisture absorption and crystalinity of nanofibers. The antibacterial tests showed that blends of carboxymethylchitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol) and carboxymethylchitosan-poly ethylene oxide nanofibers have very good antibacterial properties whereas poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly ethylene oxide nanofibers performed extremely poor.