. In recent years, considering the global importance of public sanitation, synthesis and application of antibacterial materials based on clay have attracted a lot of attention. Clays have wide application in nanotechnology areas because of their low-cost and availability. The most-used clay to produce antibacterial materials is montmorillonite (MMT). Montmorillonite is a type of inorganic natural clay minerals typically which has silicate (SiO4) tetrahedral sheets arranged into a two-dimensional network structure. MMT can provide thermal resistance, wrinkle resistance and antibacterial properties on textiles. Layered silicates, such as montmorillonite clay mineral, result from the stacked arrangement of negatively charged silicate layers and contain a platelet thickness of about 1 nm with a high aspect ratio (ratio of length to thickness). clay minerals have an excellent adsorption property due to their high surface area. This makes clay minerals to be a good candidate to adsorb or fix virus, bacteria and other harmful substances onto their surface. In addition, due to their low-cost and favourable thermal stability, clay minerals can be used as excellent carriers for synthesis of antibacterial materials. In this study, the antibacterial effect of Na+-montmorillonite has been investigated on cotton fabrics. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity has done by using AATCC Test Method 100 on both Gram-negative bacteria E.coli and the Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus. In addition to antibacterial properties, fireproofing properties of finished fabrics is examined. It should be noted that in order to improve the adsorption of nanoclay and also to increase its fastness, cotton fibers cationized using 3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHTAC), then their washing and abrasion fastness was studied. In the next step, FTIR analysis has been done on the used nanoclay powder and all finished samples. Finally, the influence of finishing process on the drape, handle and whiteness of fabrics are investigated too. The results of carried out researches to reveal that the finished cotton fabrics have no considerable antibacterial influence, while finished samples showed good resistance against fire. With cationization of cotton fabric, the more nanoclay was absorbed on fabrics and with higher concentration of cationized material; the amount of nanoclay absorption was increased. Cationization of cotton fibers improved the washing fastness of fireproof finishing on fabric. FTIR analysis also proved the existence of nanoclay and cationized material on cotton fabrics. Cationized material had no effect on the handle, while nanoclay cause decrease in handle quality. Additionally, Whitness of fabrics has decreased after employing cationized material and nanoclay on them.