Fresh water scarcity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions imposed humans to use poor quality water, such as industrial wastewaters, domestic wastewaters, agricultural land drainage and urban storm runoff . The aim of this research was to use different forms of a bio-waste ( ostrich bone ) to improve the quality of unconventional waters (industrial effluent, nitrate polluted water and saline water). In this research at first, the removal capacities of lead and mercury by ostrich bone adsorbents, prepared in various appropriate types, have been studied in a single component system using agitated batch sorption. Ostrich bones were were milled and passed through a 35-mesh sieve (mesh diameter 0.5 mm). They were kept in a desiccator and named OBP adsorbent. The dried bones were kept in a furnace for 24 h in air at 550° C and then were kept in an electrical furnace for 5 h at 800° C in a limited supply of oxygen. These adsorbents were named OBA and OBC, respectively. All of the adsorbent were washed with deionizs water until the pH of the drain water was 7 ± 0.2. The results showed that the main component of ostrich bone adsorbents is calcium hydroxyapatite with Ca/P ratio is 1.49, 1.58 and 1.59 for OBP, OBA and OBC, respectively. The order of adsorption found for Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions on the adsorbents was OBC OBA OBP. Then, OBA supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (OBA-nZVI) was synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method, characterized with electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), speci?c surface area (BET), and point of zero charge (pH PZC ). The OBA-nZVI adsorbent was used for the removal of Pb (II) and Hg (II) ions, nitrate and total dissolve solids from un-conventional water. The in?uence of different sorption parameters, such as contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, the dosage of OBA-nZVI, pH value of the solutions, competitive adsorption behavior and ionic strength were investigated on the removal of Pb (II) and Hg (II). Kinetic data are well ?tted by a pseudo second-order model and the equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir- Freundlich model very well with high correlation coef?cient. The maximum adsorption capacities of OBA-nZVI adsorbent towards Pb (II) and Hg (II) are 138.6 and 145.1 mg g ?1 , respectively. Thermodynamic parameters, i.e. ,, and have also been calculated for the system and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. This study demonstrated that OBA-nZVI which characterized by high specific surface area and reactivities could quickly reduce nitrate within 30 min into nitrogen and ammonium without pH control. Preliminary experiments showed that the OBA-nZVI has the low capacity to adsorb total dossolve solids (TDS) from the saline water, while significant adsorption of hardness (Ca 2+ +Mg 2+ ) was observed with OBA-nZVI. In order to determine the most suitable model for describing the adsorption process of lead in batch experiment, ANN, ANFIS and MNLR models werer developed. Five operational parameters including adsorbent dosage (Cs), initial concentration of Pb (II) ions (Co), initial pH, temperature (T) and contact time (t) were taken as the input data and the adsorption efficiency (AE) of adsorbents as the output.