Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl from Apiaceae family and considered as an important medicinal herb, is prescribed as a stomatch, laxative, stomach acid, anti-flatulence, soothing nerves, anti-inflammatory and antiviral medication in traditional medicine. The origin of P.ferulacea is in the Iran and parts of Turkey, Italy, Kazakhstan and Syria. Despite the medicinal importance of this plant, molecular studies have not been done to assess the genetic diversity of P. ferulacea . In this study, assessment of genetic diversity within P. ferulacea species was done using SCoT and SRAP molecular markers which target expressible regions of the genome. Nine SCoT primers and nine SRAP primer combinations were applied to assess the genetic diversity of 58 genotypes and amplified 217 and 200 bands, which showed 93.59% and 92.46% of polymorphism, respectively. In order to investigate the primers efficiency the discerning of genotypes, polymorphic information content (PIC) was calculated, and it was 0.42 for SCoT primers and was 0.417 for SRAP primer combinations. The dendograms generated from Jaccard's similarity matrix and the UPGMA method revealed genetic relationships among the P. ferulacea genotypes. The highest cophenetic correlation coefficient of SCoT and SRAP analyses were 0.51 and 0.53, respectively, which relatively indicated the separation of populations. The analysis also revealed a relatively acceptable differentiation in allele frequencies that was equal to (Fst= 0/015) in SCoT analysis and it was equal to (Fst= 0/022) in SRAP results, which illustrated high genetic diversity and gene flows among populations. High percent of diversity among populations indicates a rich resource of germplasm for breeding plants. Besides, the assessment of population structure demonstrated high rate of gene flows and mixture of populations, and it seems that Keywords: Prangos ferulacea , Genetic diversity, SCoT, SRAP, Total phenolic content
