Land fragmentation limiting factor for productivity and efficiency of farm and rural sustainable development obstacle is considered. Land fragmentation is due to various reasons. This phenomenon generally implementation of land reform and is divided, but other phenomena such as social processes, cultural, economic and physical it affects - do. Land fragmentation problems and comes with a lot. So that optimum use of water and soil with a difficult to make, especially in areas where due to climatic conditions, water is a strategic resource. Due to problems with fragmentation of agricultural lands, agricultural policy and planning for problems and complications, the logical solution to this problem, and applicable to the integration of land use policy recommendations are associated with variable size and increase in land improvement agricultural production, rational exploitation and to eventually achieve agricultural development is. Iran and particularly in Ilam province exploited peasants and family units as the dominant operating system is at stake. The study area land fragmentation as one of the main obstacles to agricultural development is to investigate the factors affecting farmers agreed with the Project lands consolidation can play an important role in rural development and agriculture to be. The principal aim of the current study and determine the factors influencing operating agreement with the Project land consolidation by operation of Ilam province is. All research is applied, the survey tool and conducted a questionnaire and interview technique to collect required data were used. Data were collected by experts and farmers. Survey operations residing in the village of Ilam province were among 404 people stratified proportional sampling from different villages were selected. The findings of this study shows, the average size of agricultural land irrigated and rainfed separately, the average size of the largest pieces, the average size of the smallest pieces separately and the mean number of irrigated and dryland plots irrigated and rainfed, respectively separating 3.99, 4.6, 1.4, .93, 1.97, 1.62, 2.7 and 2.37. Analytical results obtained from correlation analysis shows that the characteristic variables-social, educational level of total households, trust administration, cultural characteristics, economic characteristics and knowledge exploitation towards consolidation plan with the dependent variable positive and significant correlation study and with age, the traditional valuation of land and utility of spatial correlation with the significant dependent variables are the research. Key words : fragmentation agricultural lands, lands consolidation of agricultural, Ilam Province