Agricultural cooperatives are the most important public institutions that can help rural development, so it should be noted around the world. In Afghanistan, about 80 percent of the population lives in rural areas and agriculture is their primary occupation. Therefore a dynamic agricultural sector contributes significantly to the economic situation of rural poor people, agricultural cooperatives can somewhat assume this role. This research examines the status Kabul Province’ agricultural cooperatives and the factors that contribute to the success or failure of these cooperatives. The study statistical population included all staff involved in directorate of agriculture cooperative development and cooperative containing board members of Kabul province. Sample of employees and a random sample of the board of directors containing 49 and 22 experts. Factors affecting the success of agricultural cooperatives in Kabul Province were studied in three categories of factors: internal, external and structural. According to the findings of this research, agricultural cooperatives have structural changes over time and have been unsuccessful .according to the board of directors, all three mentioned factors affect the success of these cooperatives, but only internal factors directly and external and structural factors indirectly affect the success of cooperatives. Keywords : Cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, Kabul Province, success factors.