Foliage’s plants as a livestock food suppliers. Onobrochys (French grass) is one of the most important foliage species in providing and compensation of foliage shortage in Iran. In most of scientific literatures, onobrochys vicifolia has been introduced a out-pollinatio but its mechanism and ways are not clear. Knowledge of pollination system is so efficient and necessary to improve breeding program for onobrochys vicifolia. For this, present research was conducted to determine out-pollination of onobrochys vicifolia in natural and controlled condition using marker ISSR. Based on initial experiment plan, the number of four genotypes were cloned to determine pollination rate. At first, their polymorphism was evaluated using marker ISSR. The clones were planted in May 2011 in three distinct regions as factorial experiment based on completely randomized block designs in two replicates. In each region three genotypes having two replicates for open pollination and the same three genotypes with two replicates were planted for controlled pollination. Results for variance analysis for traits related to seed yield and artificial tripping in onobrochys vicifolia showed that in contrast to previous studies which stated onobrochys out-pollination between zero and 37%, onobrochys out pollination was estimated as 100 percent which has great deal of importance in experiment goal based breeding program. Evaluation of traits related to plant reproductive stage(traits of panicle number and flower in panicle) under controlled and pollinated conditions indicated that plant reproductive stage were not affected by environment, rather plant vegetative growth during growing season is influenced by plant pollination conditions. Evaluation of molecular data of marker ISSR confirmed results of variance analysis of traits related to seed yield. Grouping S 1 generation and parents in each region indicated that S 1 generation offspring’s do not fall into the same justify; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" Keywords: out-pollination, S 1 generation, Onobrochys vicifolia, ISSR
