medicinal plants have been used for various therapeutic aims in the entire world and as a result the herbs are important commercially. Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ) is a perennial and diploid plant species (2n=2x=34) belonging to the family of Compositae, which assumed to be one of the oldest medicinal plants that has been grown for many years. Among the environmental abiotic stresses, drought have a huge negative effect on agriculture production. The country of Iran has an arid climate and, it receive almost less than one-third of the average of annual world rainfall. The aims of the study were to investigate the impact of drought stress on phenological, physiological, phytochemical, seeds production, yield and yield components traits of C. scolymus . This study was performed in a randomized complete block design with three irrigation treatments and six replications. The results indicated that the growth period from reproductive phase until the maturity was decreased as 7.4 and 12.8% at two deficit irrigation regimes relative to the optimum (control) condition. All the yield components were significantly decreased under water deficit condition, while the production of self pollinated seed was not significantly affected. the drought stress led to increase the amount of proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, soluble carbohydrates, catalase, total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in both leaves and buds of this plant species. However, the amount of peroxidase, in both buds and leaves, were decreased under drought condition. Because of drought stress, the amount of chlorophyll a and b , carotenoids, total chlorophyll, ascorbate peroxidase and relative water content in leaves were decreased, whereas the amount of chlorophyll a , carotenoids and the total chlorophyll of the buds were increased due to the drought stress. However, the amount of ascorbate peroxidase and chlorophyll b were not changed due to the drought stress. Additionally, the results of this study showed that the seed oil content was reduced in water deficit condition. The analysis of fatty acid profile of seed oil showed that the amount of palmitic acid and oleic acid were increased due to water stress while, the linoleic acid content was decreased and the amount of stearic acid was not changed in the drought condition. Moreover, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and iodine value were decreased due to drought stress, while the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid of the oil was elevated in drought condition. Keywords : Artichoke, Drought stress, Secondry metabolites, Oil, Pollination