Water and nitrogen are the most limiting factors of agricultural production in most parts of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Accordingly, in order to compare the response of hulled wheats to irrigation regime and nitrogen in comparison with modern wheats, an experiment as a split plot factorial (combind analysis) was conducted in the form of a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main factor included moisture regime in two levels (40% of field capacity depletion as control and 80% of field capacity depletion as drought) and sub-factors included five hulled tetraploid wheats (Juneghan, Zarne, Singerd, Shahre-Kord, Khuygan) and Yavarus (durum wheat) and hexaploid, Roshan (bread wheat) and two nitrogen levels (30 and 100 kg N per hectare). The results of this experiment showed that the concentrations of chlorophyll a and b in hulled wheats were more stable at the presence of drought stress, compared to modern wheats, and a smaller reduction in the concentration of these photosynthetic pigments was observed. The concentration of carotenoids in modern wheats was higher than that of hulled wheats. The maximum efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) decreased under drought stress conditions in both hulled and modern wheats groups, and the membrane stability index under stress conditions in hulled wheats group was higher than that of the modern wheats group. Modern genotypes out-numbered the hulled wheats in terms of net photosynthetic rate, trairation rate and stomatal conductance in the obscense of drought compared to hulled genotypes. However, drought stress caused more severe decreases in these traits in the modern genotypes. In drought stress conditions, leaf proline concentration increased in both wheat groups, but this increase was higher in modern wheats group than in hulled wheats group. In general, hulled wheats had a higher relative water content than modern wheats, in response to drought stress. Increased use of nitrogen fertilizer increased the F v /F m and membrane stability index in modern wheats group, but in hulled wheats group, the membrane stability index was almost constant in response to increase of nitrogen fertilizer and the F v /F m decreased in this group. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and b in hulled wheats group remained constant in treatment of more use of nitrogen fertilizer and the concentration of these pigments in hulled wheats increased to a lesser extent compared to that of modern wheats by increase of the use of nitrogen fertilizer. At both levels of nitrogen fertilizer, modern genotypes out-numbered the hulled group in terms of trairation rate, stomatal conductance, and hence net photosynthetic than hulled genotypes. Photosynthetic water use efficiency was higher in hulled wheats group compared to modern group. The concentration of leaf proline of modern and hulled wheats increased and decreased respectively in response to increased nitrogen fertilizer application. Relative water content of hulled wheats did not change in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Modern group of wheats out-performed the hulled group in term of 1000-grain weight (46 g), seed number per spike (60), grain yield (6050 kg per hectare), nitrogen use efficiency of grain (135.75) and harvest index (43.9%). Plant height (110.4 cm) and number of spikes per square meter (501.5) but the revers was true for drought stress caused decrease in plant height, number of seeds per spike, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency of grain and 1000-grain weight in both wheat groups, but the extent of the decrease was greater in the hulled wheat group, while drought stress caused the harvest index to be reduced in hulled wheats group and modern wheats group, which was higher in the hulled wheats group. It should be noted that the effect of drought stress had no significant effect on the number of spikes per square meter in both wheat groups. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer utilization increased height in both wheat groups, but this treatment caused the harvest index to decrease in both wheat groups. Grain yield per hectare and number of seeds per spike decreased in response to increasing nitrogen fertilizer application in hulled wheats group, but increased in modern wheats group. The 1000-grain weight also remained almost constant in both groups in response to nitrogen. Hulled wheats had a higher protein content and grain hardness compared to modern wheats, but had smaller bread volume and Zeleny sedimentation content. Considering the above results, it seems that hulled genotypes are more tolerant to environmental stresses, such as drought and nutrient deficiencies, compared with modern genotypes, and these less-utilized cereals can be used for breeding purposes, especially for improving stress resistance