The family Poaceae are annual grasses, often with rhizome or stolons, and alternate, narrow and linear leaves having pods in two rows and the covered stems. Cereals including wheat, barley, rice, rye, oats, maize, sorghum and millet are the most important plants of 70% world food supply. Several plant pathogens attack cereals which differ in geographical distribution, damage, and attacked developing organs in different environmental conditions. Smut fungi are the most important fungal diseases that often have economic damage on host plants, and effect on the growth and reproduction of plant tissues and at the site of infection produces a mass of dark spores called teliospores. The spores occur in host tissue as sori and produce as spore mass. Smut fungi are belong to Basidiomycota, and Keywords : Cereals, Smut, Morphological and molecular analysis, Ustilago nuda , Ustilago hordei , Ustilago tritici , Phylogenetic tree.
