In recent years many efforts have been made to mechanize sugarcane planting with the aim of reduction in production costs. Mechanized planting can have such advantages like labor cost reduction as compared to non-mechanized method. Other advantages include speed, accuracy, and timeliness of conducting planting operation. On the other hand, problems such as inaccurate machine performance may result, in a reduction of the farmland productivity. A sugarcane billet planter used in Sugar Cane Development Co. in Khuzestan province in Iran was evaluated to determine factors affecting its performance. This machine has been reproduced based on reverse engineering design according to an Australian two row billet planter. Factors related to its performance were divided to those dependent on soil tillage conditions (wheel type and forward speed) and those factors independent of field performance (drop tube cover, vibrator on metering belt and tip angle of billet picking mechanism). Wheels used in the field experiments consisted of the original wheel used on the Australian machine, wheels used on the copied machine taken from lift trucks, and metal wheels made for test purposes in this study. Soil tillage related factors were tested in the field and factors independent of soil tillage conditions were tested on a test rig constructed for this purpose in the laboratory. The test rig was designed and built so that a wide range of field speeds could be simulated for various test conditions. Computer soft wares such as Inventor, Catia and Maple were used to draw the test rig drawings and perform stress analysis on designed sections. The test rig forward speed was calibrated with varying voltage frequency of an electric motor using a 10 HP Delta inverter. To study movement behavior of the billets in the path from holding box to the ground. A closed- caption camera system was used. Certain physical properties of sugarcane billets such as unit linear mass and diameter were determined. Homogeneity of planting operation was determined using low overlap and high overlap indices. A completely randomized design with three replications was used to determine the effect of factors mentioned above on the performance of the planter considering the law and high overlap indices. Data analysis was performed by SAS and MSTATC soft wares. Results of laboratory tests indicated that the billet packing strips with tip angle of 90 degrees and use of cover on drop tubes and lake of vibrator had a significant effects on overlap indices. Field tests using picking strips with 90 degree tip angle and cover on drop tubes were performed. Results indicated that the best forward speed for better performance of the planter was 2 kilometers per hour. Type of wheel had no significant effects on the performance