Plant species play a key role in shaping ecosystems through their interaction with the surrounding environment. Climatic changes can have potential effects on plant community composition and consequently on ecosystem structure and function. Nevertheless, plant communities are also affected by other factors such as grazing by herbivores which may modify effects of climatic changes on the vegetation. Previous studies have shown distinct responses of meadow vegetation to variation of co-occurring grazing and snow cover in high-elevation ecosystems. In recent years besides high grazing pressure, vegetation in the Central Zagros region, as one of the ecologically valuable ecosystems of the country, is also affected by climatic changes like changes in snow cover. However, there has been no study which assesses response of meadow vegetation to grazing and snow cover change in such ecosystems. In this study, interactive effects of grazing (with two levels: grazed and protected) and snow cover (with three levels: control, low and high) on meadow vegetation were assessed experimentally in the Central Zagros region. First, three meadow sites were selected in Sabz Kouh Protected Area, located in the mountainous area of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In each site, three 16 m 2 exclosures (2×8m) and in each exclosure, three 1 m 2 plots were installed with the same distance from each other. The same number of plots was installed i grazed areas of16 m 2 (in total, 27 grazed and 27 protected plots). In the first year, vegetation in each plot was assessed using a 1 m 2 frame with 100 meshes of 10×10 cm. In the second year, the three snow treatments were randomly applied to the plots in both grazed and protected areas at the snowmelt time. The phenological stages of dominant plant species (7 and 6 stages for forb and grass and grasslike species, respectively) were recorded weekly (11 times) in each plot, starting at the snowmelt time and ending at the beginning of grazing season. Finally, the dry weight of produced above-ground biomass and the proportion of vegetative and regenerative organs for each species were measured by harvesting the vegetation in each plot. 37 plant species from 17 families were recorded in the vegetation of meadow sites. Exclosure increased vegetation cover, while litter cover and the proportion of bare soil increased in grazed areas. Protection from grazing resulted in higher frequencies of grasses, grasslikes and forbs, but in a lower frequency of legumes. Individual species, however, had different responses to grazing treatments. Snow cover treatments had no significant effects on biomass production of meadow species but exclosure increased the total produced biomass and the proportion of regenerative organs of the meadow vegetation community. However, various life forms and meadow species responded differently to grazing treatments in terms of biomass production and the proportion of regenerative orga protection from grazing increased biomass of dominant species Carex orbicularis , but it decreased the proportion of regenerative organs of this species. Reactions to the experimental treatments of grazing and snow cover varied among plant species; grazing mostly affected the phonological stages of late-flowering species, whereas early-flowering species mostly responded to snow cover treatments. Nevertheless, the phonological stages of the early-flowering Carex orbicularis and of the late-flowering Trifolium repens responded to grazing as well as to snow cover treatments. These findings suggest that in short-tem grazing as compared to snow cover has a stronger effect on vegetation of the meadow sites studied. Controlled grazing, therefore, may play an important role in the conservationof meadow plant species diversity under the decreasing trend of snow cover. The results of present study may be used for objective-oriented management of high-elevation and mountainous meadow ecosystems of the country. Keywords: Above-ground biomass, Central Zagros Region, early- and late-flowering species, life form, meadow plant communities, phenological stages, snow cover, short-term exclosure.