Esfahan province is one of the driest provinces in central part of the country center where two-thirds of its water requirement is supplied by groundwater resources. Due to recent droughts and flow decrease of Zayandehroud river, demand of groundwater has increased and this make downfall of groundwater level in most plains of this basin. Therefore, it is important to find the effect of rainfall and its changes on groundwater level. In this study, attention has been paid to the groundwater level trend analysis of Esfahan province plains and Standardized Water-level Index (SWI) and their relationship to meteorological drought index, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and also to the lag time of occurrence this two types of droughts for its usage in water resources management in Zayandehroud watershed in Esfahan province as the most important river in central Iran. According to the results of this study on two indexes, groundwater drought is generally observed after sever and long meteorological droughts. According to SPI index, two important droughts have occurred in most synoptic stations, in recent decade, one at the end of 2007 until 2010 and another one in the end of 2010 until 2012, for which their effects are visible on the groundwater level of more plains according to SWI index. Based on the results, the effect of rainfall on the groundwater levels in long-term time scale is stronger than short-term time scales. In recent years the effect of rainfall changes in selected stations on the plains has been varying time to time more which is observed in most plains from 2002 to 2013. For short time scales (3,6,9 month), the effect of rainfall on the groundwater levels is the same, but this effect for higher time scales (12 and 24 months) is different and increases, which is clearly visible in 2002, 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2012. These years are related to wet and dry years. The correlation coefficients between SPI and SWI in most time scales have positive trends in 5 plains (increase of rainfall affects the groundwater levels) and negative trend in 5 other plains (decrease of rainfall affect groundwater levels). The most powerful rainfall changes effects on the groundwater levels i the plains is observed in 12-and 24-month lag times. The results show negative and positive annual rainfall trend in the northwestern and southeastern region of Zayandehrud basin. Also the most monthly rainfall positive trends are observed in fall season in the north and east of the basin and the most of monthly rainfall negative trends are observed in spring season in the north and west of basin. The results of groundwater level trend of piezometric wells show decreasing groundwaters level over all plains. Keywords: Drought, SPI Index, SWI Index, Mann-Kendall Test, Zayandehroud River Basin