Large herbivores have great impacts on the structure, floristic composition, dynamics and stability of grazing ecosystems. Endozoochory is particularly known as a main force of long-distant seed dispersal and a determinant of seed soil bank composition and spatial heterogeneity of vegetation communities. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of domestic and wild herbivores on seed dispersal of plant species in semi-arid steppes of central Iran. Three zones with different protection levels/grazing intensity including a national park (Tange-Sayad) with wild sheep and wild goat as the main existing herbivores, a peripheral protected area, where both livestock and wild herbivores present, and an adjacent grazing-free area where wild herbivores were absent were selected for the study. Within each site, five sampling sites were selected and from each site 10 dung samples of the existing herbivores were randomly collected in five consecutive months in the grazing season (May, June, July, August, September and October). The collected dung samples were air dried for one week and were subjected to a two-month cold stratification treatment. Seed content of the dung samples was assessed in a greenhouse germination experiment over a period of 8 months. In total, 3700 seedlings from 85 different plant species (17 families and 58 genera) were germinated from the collected dung samples. Seed content of dung samples was mostly comprised of palatable annual herbaceous species with no dispersal mechanism or adaptation, but with the ability to produce many small-sized seeds. The highest and the lowest density and richness of germinated seeds were respectively observed in June and September samples. Dungs collected from the grazing-free area contained a significantly higher density and richness of seeds compared to the two other zones. The highest number of germinated seeds was observed in dungs collected from livestock in June, whereas plants germinated from wild sheep’s dungs collected in June showed the lowest density. No significant difference was observed in seed species diversity, as assessed by Simpson’s diversity index, between dung samples collected from different zones, months and grazers. The obtained results supported the hypothesis that grazing by herbivores of the three studied zones disperse seeds of different plant species within and among the zones. It was deduced from the results that the direction of seed dispersal was from protected area with rich plant diversity to the poor rangelands in the grazing-free zone. The obtained results have implication for managing and restoring semi-arid rangeland ecosystem of the region. Keywords : Seed dispersal, wild sheep, wild goat, livestock, reclamation, grazing ecosystems, Semi-steppe rangeland, dung seed content.