Recently a new bioceramic named calcium titanate have been introduced for biomedical applications relating orthopaedic implants. Calcium titanate possesses good mechanical properties and acceptable biologic behavior. But unexpectedly, the bioactivity of sol-gel derived calcium titanate was not confirmed in previous studies and has been doubted. The aim of this work was to prepare and characterize nanostructure calcium titanate powder with sol-gel technique using different precursors, producing calcium titanate coating with sol-gel Dip-coating method and investigating the effect of nano structure on the bioactivity of this bioceramic. Titanium isopropoxide and calcium nitrate were used as precursors for fabrication of powder. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) was used for heating dried gel in 520-1000 °C to produce nano structure powder. Same precursors were used to coat calcium titanate with sol-gel Dip-coating followed by rapid thermal annealing on cp-Ti substrates at 800 °C. X-ray diffraction technique was used for identification of phases and structures of products. Thermal properties of dried gel were investigated by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was used for recognizing functional groups of prepared powders. Morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of specimens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X- ray (EDX) technique. In vitro evaluation of bioactivity of prepared powder and coating was performed by soaking specimens in simulated body fluids (SBF) for 4 weeks. Ion concentration measurements of solutions of soaked specimens were conducted by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and spectrophotometry. DSC thermal analysis revealed that formation of calcium titanate crystal phase starts from 514 °C and more. Phase structure analysis with XRD technique showed the optimum temperature of rapid thermal annealing for formation of calcium titanate nanostructure powders is 800 °C. Mean crystallite size were estimated 56-63 nm by Scherer equation. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of important groups of hydroxyls (OH¯) and Ti-OH known as new bioactivity group in the structure of synthesized powder. SEM observations showed that powder particles are uniform spherical agglomerates with size of 500 nm. XRD patterns of calcium titanate coatings confirmed that calcium titanate coating with perovskite structure is obtained after rapid thermal annealing for 8 min at 800 °C. Furthermore, SEM image of coating showed uniform crack-free thin coating is produced with thickness of nearly 3 micron and crystallites smaller than 100 nm in size. Results of in vitro evaluation of bioactivity via XRD, FTIR, EDX and ion concentration measurements proved that calcium phosphate (apatite) was formed at powder surface.