Monocalcium aluminate(CA) is the main constituent of all types of calcium aluminate cements. This cement have unique properties. These properties include: high temperature and high abrasion resistance and resistance to wide range of chemically aggressive conditions. Although CA cement has good properties, the amount of undesirable phases and grain growth in these materials result in poor quality in some properties. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the synthesis of nanocrystalline CA for improving these defects. In this research high energy ball milling followed by annealing was used to synthesis CA nanoceramic and CA nanocomposite(SiO 2 nanoparticles in nano cement base). In the first stage, high energy ball milling followed by annealing was performed on a mixture of CaO and Al 2 O 3 to synthesize CA. X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) measurments showed that no calcium aluminate was formed during ball milling even after 100hr. Annealing the powder mixture, milled for different times, in 900, 1000, 1200°C showed that the nucleation and growth of CA took place at 1000°C after 2hr. Depending on milling time, by increasing the annealing temperature, the amount of CA increased and also secondary phases aeared. CA single phases was obtained on the sample milled for 100hr and fired at 1200°C. The average grain size of products measured by scherrer’s and modified scherrer’s equations, was in nanometric range. The product was characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). TEM results showed that the particle size of products were in the range 40-100nm. In the second stage, the kinetic of formation of CA have been studied with fitting method and the effect of ball milling on activation energy was investigated. Results showed that the amount of activation energy decreased with increase in milling time but with increase the milling time from 70hr to 100hr, the amount of activation energy didn’t change. These results showed that the formation of CA needs high energy ball milling and annealing. In the third stage, the hydration characterization of CA was studied with XRD and SEM analysis and influence of nano-SiO 2 particles were investigated on mechanical and physical properties. The hydration of the cement with the addition of nano-SiO 2 particles(in 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%) were evaluated at the water/cement ratio of 0.3 to 1 and was compared with plain cement. The experimental results showed that the mechanical and physical properties of nanocomposite with the specific amount of nano particles were better than that of a plain concrete. Keywords : Nanoceramic, Monocalcium aluminate, Mechanical activation, Annealing, Kinetic, nanocomposite