The goals of this research was to investigate the economic and management aspects of bulk tank total bacterial counts in Iranian Holstein herds. In this research, the information of 56 dairy herds in different provinces including Tehran, Isfahan, Khorasan Razavi, Qazvin, Alborz, Mazandaran and golestan were used during 2017-2018. management information was collected through the questionnaires from dairy farms. For statistical analysis, SAS software was used and to extract the descriptive statistics of each management factors, the frequency procedure in SAS (PROC FREQ) were used. In order investigate the management aspects of bulk tank total bacterial counts, a mixed linear model (PROC Mixed) were used, which included the province, year and season's as fixed effects, and herds as random effect. The average of total bacterial count in these 56 herds were 282.82cfu/ml. The results of this study showed that the environmental factors such as year, season and province has a significant effect on the total bacterial counts of milk. The management factors such as useing sand bedding, Milking machine brand, herd size, number of milk deliveries, the quality control water, drying procedures and type of material used to wash the teat, showed a significant correlation with the total bacterial count of the bulk tank milk, Also, for an economic analysis of total bacterial count of milk, an economic equation was developed. The results showed that in order to receive economic awards in many dairy farms the effective management factors were not applied to reduce total bacterial count of milk. The average economic premium earned for all investigated management factors was 205 rials per each kilogram of milk. The largest economic premium earned from systems that used wet tissue to dry the teats (259 rials per kilogram of milk) and the lowest economic premium earned (40 rials per kg of milk) was obtained when feed bunk were in a dirty condition. Also the highest economic premium was 260 rials per kilogram of milk belonging to one of the large-scale dairy farms located in Isfahan province. In this farm, the management and health factors such as a full time veterinarian, the hospital in the farm, use Wet tissue were done. But the worst situation was in a dairy farm located mazandaran province. In this farm, not only no economic premium earned ,but also suffered a penalty payment (-135 rials per kilogram of milk), this farm has very poor management and all effective management factors to reduce the total bacterial count of milk were not implemented in principle. In this farm, for example, used a part time veterinarian, small herd size, washing the teat with warm water were done. Also, In this research, we tried to quantify the economic premium of dairy farmrs according to different management activities in relation to total bacterial count. Move over potential economic Premium in different management levels is calculated. The results of this study can be used in dairy farms to improve the level of management and health activities and to receive more potential Premium for per each kilogram of milk produced. key words : total bacterial count, management factors, Economic Premium Earned, Economic Premium Opportunity.