The primary purpose of present research was to develop simple and efficient synthetic procedures for the preparation of 4-substituted phenyl derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolidindiones (urazoles). In the first method, aniline derivatives were converted to 1,2,4-triazolidindiones via three-step route. In the second method, a simple and one-pot pathway was reported for the preparation of these compounds. Two novel urazoles, 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione (DAPTD) and 4-(3-hydroxynaphthalene)-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione (3HNTD) were prepared. The step-growth polymerization reactions of these monomers with different diisocyanates were performed to produce photoactive polyureas (PU)s and poly(urea-urethane)s (PUU)s. The first report of application of molten ionic liquid (MIL) for the synthesis of heterocyclic polyureas was investigated. An inexpensive and readily available MIL, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) was used for the synthesis of polymers. An efficient, fast and easy method for the preparation of PUUs were employed using room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL)s and TBAB under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating. The polymerization reactions occurred rapidly under microwave and produced a series of PUUs. A series of novel poly(amide-ester)s (PAE)s were also prepared from 3HNTD and various diacid chlorides by polycondensation reactions. RTILs and TBAB have also been used both as an environmentally benign solvent and catalyst for the polycondensation of 3HNTD with aliphatic diacid chlorides. Polycondensation reactions successfully proceeded in IL without any additional extra components. This method was also compared with conventional method for the synthesis of PAEs. Our synthetic research effort was directed towards structural modifications designed to disturb regularity and chain packing, thus providing better solubility to the polymers. Thus, two aromatic chiral monomers, 5-(2-phthalimidiylpropanoylamino)isophthalic acid and 5-[4-(2-phthalimidiylpropanoylamino)benzoylamino]-isophthalic acid were synthesized. Several aromatic polyesters were prepared by direct polycondensation 5-(2-phthalimidiylpropanoylamino)isophthalic acid with aromatic diols. A series of optically active polyamides (PA)s have been successfully synthesized under microwave irradiation employing Yamazaki-Higashi reaction conditions. Excellent yields and very short reaction time were the main characteristics of this method. The same polymerization reactions were also carried out by conventional heating and the results are compared. In another study, same PAs were prepared with excellent yields via a simple microwave heating method using 1,3-dipropylimidazolium bromide and triphenyl phosphite. In comparison with classical heating, microwave irradiation was demonstrated to be a more effective energy source.