In this thesis, various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems have been developed for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO 2 under solvent-less conditions. Initially, ammonium salts based on nicotine and 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) containing tertiary nitrogen (in order to activate carbon dioxide) was examined. In these systems, halide anions play an essential role in epoxide ring opening. Silica-supported nicotinum halids were prepared by quaternization of nicotine with silica-supported alkyl halides and then their catalytic activity was investigated in the cycloaddition reaction. Catalysts based on nicotine showed higher catalytic activity compared to those based on DABCO. In order to improve catalytic activity, DABCO based ammonium salts immobilized on functionalized silica and the presence of organic phase on the silica was confirmed with FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, titrimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma analysis (ICP), TGA-DTA techniques, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Then the catalytic performance of them was evaluated in cycloaddition reaction. The results exhibited that immobilized N -Benzyl DABCO bromide to be highly efficient for cycloaddition reaction and exhibited a higher catalytic activity than its homogeneous analog. Although all of these catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity under mild conditions, the one key drawback associated with these systems is the utilization of halide anions from the viewpoint of green chemistry. Hence, we developed an environmentally benign, recyclable and efficient covalently silica and chitosan supported basic amino acids as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under halide-free conditions. The highest yield of cyclic carbonate was achieved with silica supported L-Histidine, associated with the acidic nature of silica.