Pear ( Pyrus sp.) is a common pomes fruit in temperate regions, which is considered as the world's most widely grown fruit tree following apple and grape. Likewise other countries, pear is one of the important economic plants in Iran . It is believed that with more than 10 species of pear cultivar exist across the country and a longstanding history of cultivation, Iran is rich in genetic diversity of pear. Beside well known cultivars, introduced from outside, many traditional genotypes are cultivated in wide range in different area of Iran . Among these local genotypes, there is a kind of pear in Isfahan province namely, Sebri, which appears particular interest for its high quality and long storage life. Despite Pear's economic importance, little is known regarding the genetic relationships among pear germplasm of this country. Therefore, the objectives of this study were based on determining genetic variations among well known cultivars of pear in Iran using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Moreover assessing Sebri cultivar based on molecular profiles was part of interest which can be relevant to pear breeders. In this study, Genetic diversity in 27 genotypes of pear was assessed using 28 SSR and 15 ISSR markers. Nineteen pairs of SSR informative primers generated a total of 120 alleles. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.71. The value of allelic polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0 to 0.79, with an average of 0.6 per primer. The 27 genotypes of pear were clustered into four groups and two independent genotypes by the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGMA), using power marker software. Based on the dendrogram, no clear-cut separation was found between SK10 and SK13 germplasms both belong to P. pyrifolia (Asiatic pears). Iranian wild genotypes including different Khoj accessions plus three commercial cultivars, Dom-Kaj, Shah-Miveh and Sebri were clearly separated from other genotypes tested. European cultivars with two commercial cultivars from Iran , Mohammad-Ali and Sard-Roudi, were grouped together, whereas French genotypes jointly with Iranian genotype Dae-Gazi were classified in the fourth cluster. The results showed that the Iranian pear cultivars have closer affinity with two European and French pear cultivars than Asian pears. Clustering Sebri with other Iranian wild accessions in a d
