In this thesis, several optical sensors were designed based on moleculary imprinted polymers and quantum dots were used to measure some pharmaceutical species in real samples. In the first part, moleculary imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized on the surfaces of thioglycolic acid-coated cadmium telluride quantum dots to detect theophylline drug. The reverse microemulsion method was used to synthesize MIPs and the factors affecting the sensor response were optimized for theophylline measurement. At optimum conditions (pH = 0.7, T = 25 ? C), the linear sensing range for theophylline detection was 0.14-3.05 ?M and the detection limit was 0.07 ?M. The synthesized nanocomposite combines the selectivity of the moleculary imprinted polymers and the fluorescence property of the quantum dots and can transform the specific interactions between the holes in the polymer tissue with the template molecules into clear changes in the fluorescence signal. As such, a selectable sensor was developed for theophylline assay. In the second part, a new fluorescent sensor based on glutathione-coated cadmium telluride quantum dots was developed for the measurement of difenoconazole fungicides in crops. The nanocomposites were synthesized using 3-amino propyl trioethoxy silane as a functional monomer and tetraethoxy silane with crosslinking role and diphenoconazole molecules as the template molecule on the quantum dot surfaces. At optimal conditions (pH = 7.5, T = 25 ? C), the sensor has a linear range of 12.5-100 ng / ml and a detection limit of 10.0 ng / ml. The present study provides a selective and sensitive method for measuring agricultural pesticides and is highly desirable for environmental-chemical assays. In the third study, an optical sensor with specific binding sites was developed to detect thioridazine. An optical sensor was developed based on ZnO quantum dots coated with moleculary imprinted polymers. Initially, the quantum dots on the zinc oxide were synthesized by deposition on acetate and sodium hydroxide, and then the MIPs layers were fixed on the surfaces of the quantum dots by inverse microemulsion method. The increased presence of thioridazine in the reaction medium causes the sensor to quench the fluorescence intensity due to the specific interactions between thioridazine with the binding sites present in MIPs. Several factors influencing the optical sensor response were optimized. Under optimum conditions (pH = 0.7, T = 25 ? C), thioridazine was measured with a sensing range of 4.0-120 nmol /L and a detection limit of 1.1 nmol /L. High sensitivity and selectivity, simplicity and low cost are among the advantages of the sensor. In the fourth section, the tragacanth gel was used as a natural source for the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles. Subsequently, after the successful synthesis of carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal method, a moleculary imprinted polymers was used to measure histamine on carbon nanoparticle surfaces. The conditions affecting the optimum sensor response (pH = 6.0, T = 25 ? C) and the effect of disturbing species were investigated. The linear sensor range for histamine measurement was 0.7-18.5 µg /L and the detection limit was 0.14 µg /L. Finally, a proposed optical sensor was used to measure histamine in several human blood plasma samples.