Human development is one of the aspects of the development that has been gotten in consideration within recent decades and is based on the human as the key to the public participation. Considering this fact, the role of women that are half of the human resources in each society and ought to have equal physical and moral part according to their role in development plans, will be revealed, increasingly; specially rural women that form big deal of human resources in Iran and through out the world, yet they role is incoicuous and neglected. But unfortunately women rarely have had a suitable social role, for the dominant social circumstances of nearly almost of those societies, as even they have been excluded to participate in decision making, having undeniable social and economic value.This study has been formed to investigate the rural women social role and the effective factors, in 32 village of Isfahan township. After questionnaire designing and a preliminary study, the quantity of samples was estimated as 155 persons. Then, the study independent and dependant variables and their reliability and validity was evaluated and totally approved.The study data as analyzed by Cross-tabulations, Chi- square statistic, Pearson correlation coefficient, One- sample T test, Factor analysis and Regression. The results showed that the social role of rural women and the level of their participation in decision making are low and weak, generally, socially and economically. The results also showed that women household and economic activities are in medium level and their social activity level is low. Based on the results there was a significant relation among women household and social activities with their social role, but their economic activities has no effect on their social role. Some specifications such as age, the length of marital period and the number of children, the women’s and their husband’s and parent’s jobs and education are of individual and family effective element on the social role. In addition, the accessibility to the mass media and social organizations has effect on the social role. Nevertheless, the parent’s job and the educational degree of their husbands and the women’s ownership on the producing factors and usage of financial credits have no significant relation with their social role. Besides, in the process of path analysis revealed that the variable of rural women’s education has the most positive effect on their social level, while the variable of age has the most negative.