Although hydroxyapatite is one of the most attractive bioceramic materials for human hard tissue implants, replacing of bioceramics with good biocompatibility and better mechanical properties can dissolve the problems of application in load bearing applications. Resent results suggest that forsterite ceramic is a bioceramic for biomedical application. In addition, nanometric forsterite can provide better biocompatibility. In this study, forsterite nanopowder and nanostructure forsterite bulk was prepared by mechanical alloying and sol–gel methods. Forsterite powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying and post-heat treatment method using magnesium carbonate, silica and ammonium hxafluorosilicate as a catalyst. The effects of time of mechanical alloying and heat treatment temperature on the phase structure and grain size of final powder were studied. Fabrication of forsterite by sol-gel method was preformed by colloidal silica and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate. Sucrose and poly vinyl alcohol were used to fabricate a polymeric base to obtain pure forsterite at lower calcination temperature and time than the other sol-gel methods. The effects of calcination temperature and sucrose content on the phase structure, grain size and morphology of forsterite powder were studied. Bioactive properties of forsterite nanopowder synthesized by two methods were studied by immersing of the powder in the SBF. In addition, the in vitro biocompatibility of the forsterite nanopowder was evaluated by osteoblasts adhesion and proliferation assay. Forsterite dense bulk was prepared by two step sintering method. Hardness, density and shrinkage of forsterite dense bulk were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravity Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques were used to characterize and evaluate of the phase composition, thermal behavior, morphology and particle size of products. Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Spectrophotometer, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and SEM were used to evaluating the bioactivity of forsterite nanopowder in the SBF. It was found that pure forsterite nanopowder with grain size of 56 nm and particle size in the range of 35-60 nm was prepared by 10h mechanical alloying and 1h heat treatment at 1200 °C. In the presence of ammonium hxafluorosilicate, pure forsterite powder with grain size of about 28 nm was synthesized by 5h mechanical alloying and 1h heat treatment at 900 °C. By Sol-gel method, forsterite nanopowder with grain size of 17-20 nm and particle size of 10-35 nm was prepared by 2h calcination at 800 °C and sucrose to magnesium molar ratio of 4:1. The results of soaking of forsterite nanopowder on the SBF were shown forsterite nanopowder is bioactive. Results of cell culture confirmed that the products from forsterite nanopowder dissolution significantly promoted cell .