In this research, it has been used various nanostructure materials such as functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes, gold nanostructures and copper nanoparticles and various modifiers such as specific monoclonal antibody, sol-gel and prussion blue for sensitive and selective determination of some pharmaceutical and biological compounds. In the first section, a simple carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for sensitive determination of methyldopa using adsorptivestripping voltammetry. These studies show that the oxidation of mathyldopa is facilitated at the surface of GCE which is casted with CMWCNTs and remarkably peak current enhanced comparing to the bare electrode due to its adsorption on the electrode surface. In the second section, a thin film molecularly imprinted sol - gel (MIP - sol - gel) was electrochemically synthesized and used to modify pencil graphite electrode (PGE) coated with MWCNTs for determination of xanthine. The detection of xanthine concentration was based on the decrease of the peak current after the incubation of xanthine on to the electrode which was due to the increase of molecular cavities on the MIP - sol - gel layer and thus increases of the ability of the redox probe to access the electrode surface. In the other section, two ultrasensitive electrochemical doxorubicin immunosensor was investigated based on immobilization of a specific monoclonal antibody on gold nanostructures. In the first part, gold nanoparticles (GNP) were deposited electrochemically on the surface of thiol base sol–gel (TBSol–Gel) modified gold electrode. Then, the redox couples of Fe(CN) 6 4-/3- species on the electrode surface was followed. In the second part, the flower-shaped gold nanostructures were synthesized on the surface of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with prussian blue/carbon nanotube (PB/MWCNT/PGE) hybrids. In the final section, functionalized-multiwall carbon nanotubes with NH 2 groups and decorated with redox active copper nanoparticles have been fabricated for sensitive enzyme-less H 2 O 2 and glucose amperometric detection.