Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is one of the most serious fish diseases in salmon and trout, including economically important species like rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), chinook ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ), sockeye ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) and others. IHN outbreaks may occur on farms rearing fry or juvenile rainbow trout in fresh water and cumulative mortality may reach 90% or more, depending on the fish species and size, virus strain, and environmental conditions. The causative agent of IHN is a Rhabdovirus of the genus Novirhabdovirus, known as Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of IHNV based on the partial G gene in order to evaluate genetic relatedness to representative strains and reveal the origin of current strain and prevalence of diseases. From December 2013 to July 2015, 11 major rainbow trout culture provinces surveyed and 33 suspected farms were selected for sampling, According to OIE protocol, anterior kidney, spleen, and heart dissected and immediately fixed using the RNAlater kit (Qiagen). RNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen kit according to manufacturer protocol. cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction carried out by Frmentas and JenetBio kits, respectively. Size band (693bp) characterized using gel electrophoresis and sequenced by Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis carried out by CLC Genomic Workbench software and NCBI database. This study showed Chahar Mahaal Va Bakhtiari has the highest prevalence of IHNV among 5 infected provinces and average prevalence in Iranian rainbow trout farms was 18.18%. Iranian isolates differ only in two and one of isolates (IHNV93) was completely identical to Italian isolate in 2015 and belong to E Genogroup. According to the identity of isolates of the same year, it seems in 2015, new isolate IHNV93 imported from Italy and replaced from previous prevailing IHNV isolate, IHNV92. Keywords : IHNV, rainbow trout, ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), Genetic diversity, Phylogenetics