Rose is one of the most aromatic and ornamental plant crops worldwide and due to aromatic compounds have many uses in the food, pharmacy, cosmetics and perfume industry. Rose scent are composed of more than 500 different compounds that belong to three groups, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and fatty acid derivatives. Studies of differences in gene expression between scented and non-scented roses have led to the identi?cation of several genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of scent volatiles. Rose essential oil is one of the valuable oils and its production process is time consuming, complicated and less efficient. Therefore, identification and detection of genes involved in the synthesis of aromatic compounds is necessary to improve the quality and increase oil production in Rose genus. In this research three genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic compounds including two terpenoid genes, linalool synthase ( lis ) and germacrene synthase ( gds ), and phenylpropanoid gene, eugenol synthase ( egs ) were investigated. Firstly, multiple alignment of DNA and protein sequences of these genes were performed in different plant families. Specific primers were designed based on conserved sequences of the genes and amplified in three Rosa species, R. hybrida , R. damascena and R. canina, using PCR. Two lis primer pairs amplified 450 and 1000 bp fragments and two egs primer pairs amplified 1100 and 1200 bp fragmens in the species. Two gds primer pairs amplified 2000 and 2300 bp fragments in R. hybrida and R. damascen a . BLAST search of nocleotide and protein sequences of the genes in NCBI database and multiple sequence alignments confirmed the sequence of the genes. The mean of paiwise distance based on K2P and P-distance models and genetic diversity based on transition and transvertion among the species and other plant families were calculated. Pairwise distance based on K2P model for lis and egs genes indicated the close relationships of two species, R. damascena and R. canina , and R. hybrida was more diverse than R. damascena and R. canina . R. hybrida is a modern rose and possibly generated by crossing between species of the old and mutation, crossing over and selection among modern roses that might change it?s? genome composition, therefore more diversity is expected with old and wild rose speciese. Average K2P and P-distance models for lis (0.085), egs (0.051) and gds (0.317) genes and genetic diversity based on transition and transvertion ( lis = 1.97, egs = 1.27, gds = 10.15) showed the most variation is related to gds gene and genera of the Rosaceae family are more conserved for egs than other genes. The clustere analysis based on Maximum parsimony coefficient for three genes grouped the genus of Rosaceae family. The results of lis and egs genes phylogeny confirmed the previous Rosaceae chloroplast gene phylogeny which indicated the concordance of this phylogenetical analysis and this is indicated the similarity of different genera in rosaceae family based on lis and egs genes. Keywords: Rose, Aromatic compound, lis , egs , gds