This present thesis describes the fabrication of novel nanocomposites (NCs) based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a polymer matrix and variety percentages (3, 6 and 9 wt%) of ZrO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) (ZrO 2 -BSA NPs) as a beneficial filler using sonication method. The products were characterized by several analyses. Thermogravimetric analysis of the obtained PVC/ ZrO 2 -BSA and PVA/ZrO 2 -BSA NCs showed the higher thermal stability of them compared to the neat PVC and PVA. Transmission electron microscopy displayed a decrease in the particle size of ZrO 2 -BSA NPsafter incorporating inside the polymers. Increase in the optical and mechanical properties were indicated by UV-Visible spectroscopy and tension test. Contact angle test was showed that the hydrophilicity of obtained NCs was increased by adding the ZrO 2 -BSA NPs. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were studied to investigate the morphology and structure properties of samples. These changes in the PVC and PVA properties are related to the homogeneous dispersion of ZrO 2 -BSA NPsinto the matrix under ultrasonication with the power of 50 W.