Biodiversity is an important instrument for investigation of different life forms. Soil-dwelling mites and especially Gamasina (Mesostigmata) are very important to soil ecosystems. They are one of the major groups rich in species and abundance. In the recent years, mites have been used as bioindicators. Because of their diverse behavior and ecology, it is necessary to do more studies based on their ecology. Abundance, diversity and species richness of these living organisms could change under the effect of different factors such as agricultural activities and environmental parameters (temperature and moisture). Many studies confirmed that there are significant differences between natural habitats (such as forests) and manipulated habitats on the diversity and abundance of soil mite. The first step to show these undesirable effects is the identification of the species found in the region. In this study, soil samples were taken from two sites near the Salehat village during April 2014 to October 2014. Two sites were adjacent with five meters distance from each other and each one consists of area about 2500 m 2 (50 m×50 m). In order to study mesostigmatic mite fauna, soil samples were collected from different oak forests of Lordegan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, Iran. A total of 21 species belong to 18 genera and seven families were collected. The male of Laelaspis kamalii is reported for the first time for world mite fauna and Haemolaelaps schusteri is reported for the first time for Iranian mite fauna. The rare species (specially new ones) were not found in the disturbed site. The biodiversity indices were calculated using Past3 and analysis of variance was carried out by SAS 9.1. Values of all indices in the natural forest were often higher than that of the disturbed one. The ranges of indices were as follow: Shannon 0.11±0.01 to 1.78±0.13, Simpson 0.08±0.03 to 0.80±0.02, and Margalef 0.24±0.14 to 2.61±0.26. The date of sampling and deforestation treatment both had significant effects on Shannon-Weiner index and abundance while only deforestation had significant effect on Simpson and Margalef indices. Estimated indices were often higher in April. The abundance of mites (mean/dm 2 ) ranged between 0.16±0.12 (disturbed forest) and 3.11±0.53 (natural forest). One possible reason for observing minimum values of all indices in warm months was having the lowest moisture due to lowest rainfall and highest temperature in August (and vice-versa in April). The organic carbon content was higher in the natural forest (1.29±0.27) than that of the disturbed forest (0.89±0.20). Soil nitrogen content was lower in disturbed forest (0.11± 0.03) than natural forest (0.15±0.02).The amounts of pH were 7.76±0.04 and 7.71±0.04 in the natural forest and deforested area, respectively. The amounts of soil nitrogen and carbon showed significant differences between two sites, but they did not show significant correlation with abundance. Soil pH was not differed significantly between two sites but significant correlation observed between pH and abundance. Pearson coefficient between temperature and mite abundance showed negative correlation ( r = - 0.97, p = 0.0003) and the rainfall showed positive correlation with abundance ( r = 0.83, p = 0.01). The most abundant mite species in the natural forest were Sessiluncus hungaricus (16%) and Macrocheles merdarius (9%) and in disturbed forest were Antennoseius bacatus and Pachylaelaps imitans with 29% and 11% relative abundance, respectively. Considering the obtained results, it is necessary to protect these oak forests as ecological niches of edaphic mites from soil disturbance. Keywords : mesostigmata, mites, bioindicators, biodiversity, Shannon-Weiner, Simpson, Margalef