Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous proteins with a redox active disulfide bridge present in the characteristic active site sequence WCG/PPC. These proteins can participate in thiol-disulfide reactions via two cysteines residues of their active site motif. They have a molecular mass of approximately 12-14 kDa and are universally distributed in all organisms from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes. Plants contain several forms of Trxs. Thioredoxin f, m, x and y are found in the chloroplast, Trxo is localized in mitochondria and Trxh is typically cytosolic. Trxh have been found to have an important role in plants development. In cytosol, electrons flow from NADPH through Trxh by NADPH Thioredoxin Reductase (NTR). A total of 30 loci with 54 gene models encoding putative Trx proteins were identified in the Rice genome. The number of 9 genes are Trxh encoding genes. Despite of widespread studies on NTR/Trx system in plants, the function of each isoform, had not been characterized yet. In the present study, the gene encoding OsTrxh23 was isolated from shoots of Oryza sativa L 2 seedlings, 7 days after germination by Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method and then the RT-PCR products was cloned in to pJET cloning vector. In order to produce recombinant protein, the gene was cloned in to pET-15b expression vector which contains T7 promoter and His-Tag region. The recombinant expression vector, was transferred to the Rosetta (DE3) - a strain of Escherichia coli . After induction with Isopropyl-?-D-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), proper amount of recombinant protein his6-OsTrxh23 was produced. On the other hand, the genes encoding isoforms OsTrxh1 and OsTrxh20 , which were cloned in pUC57 vector beforehand, were cloned in pET-15b and the recombinant forms of these proteins – His6-OsTrxh1 and His6-OsTrxh20- were produced. The recombinant proteins in the supernatant were purified by affinity chromatography using His-Trap columns. The recombinant Trxh isoforms were analyzed for their ability to reduce Insulin – a general substrate for Trxs- and also DTT, as a reducing agent. Afterwards, the time courses of insulin reduction by purified recombinant Trxs in A650 were calculated by Excel program. The results showed that all three isoforms were active. Among the three isoforms, OsTrxh23 had the highest activity level with 0.0588 A650.S -1 , whereas OsTrxh1 showed the minimum activity level with 0.022 A650.S -1 . Regarding to the point that there were two cysteines at the N-terminal of Ostrxh20 and only 1 cysteine existed in OsTrxh1 and OsTrxh23 N-terminal, the possibility of dimer formation was increased and finally, the SDS-PAGE results of preparing protein samples in presence and absence of DTT, confirmed this hypothesis that Trxs can form both monomer and dimer constructions. The analysis of phylogenetic tree of different