Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), caused by Leishmania major, is a common zoonotic vector-borne disease in Fars province. Close contact with infected reservoir hosts increases the probability of transmission of Leishmania parasite infections to susceptible humans and other animals. Two gerbil species (Rodentia: Gerbillidae) serve as the main reservoir hosts for ZCL in different endemic foci of Fars province in Iran. These species include Merioneslibycus and Tateraindica. The purpose of this study is to model the distribution of vectors and reservoirs to identify therisk areas of ZCL and determine the relative proportion of climatic and other environmental factors on transmission of this disease. A data bank was developed including all published data during the periodof 1970 to 2015. Maximum entropy model was used to find the most appropriate ecologicalniches for each species. The areas under curve obtained were 0.932, 0.883, 0.855, instead of 1, for training test in M. libycus , T. indica and Phlebotomuspapatasi . Distance to irrigated lands and mean maximum tempreture for M. libycus, Distance to irrigated and urban lands for T. indica and Ph. Papatsi. This is the first study to predict the distribution of ZCL reservoir hosts in Fars province. Climatology and topography variables had high contributions toward the prediction of potential distribution of the main reservoir and vectors species. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent form of CL in rural and suburban areas of Fars. As the prediction map for these main reservoirs portrayed, there is a high potential for their distribution in the central parts of the province. Individually, spatial distribution of these gerbils show M. libycus mainly active in central and northeastern parts of the province, T. indica is more prevalent in most areas. Regardless of the geographical distribution of the rodents, usually when CL becomes prevalent in a given area, studies are conducted on their fauna and their infection with Leishmania parasite. Also the catching methods, in fauna studies, may have adverse effect on the results. Since CL is one of the main challenges in the health sector, during 1983-2012, it is important to develop the prediction models and to prepare risk maps for this zoonotic disease. It is accepted that each species has its’ special niche for living. This niche is affected by both biotic and abiotic variables such as climate, topography and vegetation. Key word: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Ecological niche modeling, Habitat suitability model, reservoirs, MaxEnt, vectors.