In this study, a composite sorbent was prepared from oily sludge and elm tree sawdust using chemical activation method. The use of this type of raw materials in the preparation of adsorbent, not only solves the problem of sludge's disposal, but also contributes in the recovery of lignocellulosic wastes. In order to obtain the optimum sorbent, the effect of operating conditions including the ratio and combinationmethod of raw materials, activation temperature, activator reagent, impregnation ratio and combinationmethod with activating agenton the production yield, furfural sorption, iodine number and specific surface were investigated. Also, the oily sludge, elm sawdust and their composite were activated in the same conditionsto compare the effect of raw materials on the characteristics of the adsorbent. Characterization of the optimized sorbent was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy imaging (SEM), surface area (BET) and elemental analysis. The results showed that the composite prepared from ratio of 1:1 raw materials that mixed together before carbonization process, had the best performance for preparation of sorbent. This composite under optimum conditions including the activation temperature 800?C, impregnation of carbonized material with activation agent of zinc chloride at ratio 2:1, presented the 83.6% yield and specific surface area of 691.7m 2 /g. Whereas, if the oily sludge was used alone to prepare adsorbent, its surface area was 105.5 m 2 /g. Therefore, combining the oily sludge with lignocellulosic wastes in the composite form, improvedconsiderably the quality of produced sorbent such as surface area, pore structure, production yield and adsorption capacity. Furfural adsorption experiments were performedwith evaluation the effect of four factors including initial concentrations of furfural (1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L), pH (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), adsorbent dose (0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 g/L) and contact time (5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minute) using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum adsorption amount of furfural in optimum conditions was 99.9%. The results showed that theadsorbent doseand contact time had the highest and least influence on the furfural sorption, respectively. Fitting the results with kinetic models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra particle diffusion, revealedthat furfural adsorption process by the produced composite sorbent correlated better with the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 =0.99). Also among the adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin, the Langmuir model was more fitted with adsorption data (R 2 =0.98). According to the results of column experiments, 50% ethanol was suitable for regeneration of the composite adsorbent and the adsorbent after regeneration had a good efficiency for furfural sorption. In general, the activated carbon produced from composite of oily sludge and lignocellulosic wastes presented a suitable efficiency in adsorption process for wastewater treatment. Keywords: Composite, Activated Carbon,Oily Sludge, Lignocellulosic Wastes, Furfural