The companies and rural co-operative unions were the first official co-operatives in the rural regions of Iran to help to development of these regions. These companies were presumably established after the land reform plan was executed in the country. Although these co-operatives companies can be active in all features of urban development and civilization, their major activities over the two decades, confined with marketing and commercial services, preparation of agricultural and manufacturing products, and slightly supply of credit services. The function of these co-operative has changed since theirs constitution. The main purpose of this research is to study effective factors which have made these unions successful, from 1994 to 2004. For this purpose, sampling companies were randomly selected based on multistage and network method, whereas the sample unions were studied by fully counting method. Finally 19 unions and 18 rural co-operative companies were studied some questionnaires were distributed and filled by 328 members of urban co-operative companies,93 directing board and manager of rural co-operative companies and 111 union managers and staff. In this research inter-organization and intra organization and structure variables which affected these companies performance and achievement were studied. The finding showed poor performance of these companies and unions. According to the current research, variable such as membership experience, co-operative structure, co-operative investment, enhance of member share, education, participation and level of training, awareness (ability) of members have a direct influence on companies' success. Whereas the other factors involving function of rural co-operative organization use of managers of high penetration in co-operative have a direct, but negative influence. The factors like share mean value of each member of each member, management experience; knowledge and age of people on success have indirect positive and the size of co-operative has indirect negative influence on co-operative companies. In co-operative unions, the variable such as use of educated managers, members share means value, enhance of members share and people knowledge on unions are direct and positive. Also the variables like genus, participation, awareness, membership experience in union, knowledge and management experience of people have indirect positive effects, but the age has indirect negative effect on success.