The mesopotamian barb, Capoeta damascina , is native to the Middle East and little is known about this species in Iranian waters. Some biological characteristics of this species were examined in 426 specimens collected monthly from the Beheshtabad River of Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari Province during May 2013 to May 2014. The maximum age of the population based on scale and opercula was abtained 8 + years for females and 7 + years for males. The most frequent age groups were 3 + and 4 + in males and females, respectively. Fork length ranged from 8.94 to 42.95 (23.32±6.53 SD) cm and weight ranged 10.3–1255.5 (242.59±213.4 SD) g. The length-weight relationship was described as W= 0.0267FL 2.82 , (r 2 =0.94) for males and W= 0.0199FL 2.92 , (r 2 =0.97) for females. This relationship showed that the growth was negatively allometric for both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth model was estimated as Lt=35.9[1-e -0.2(t+0.5) ] and Lt =49.3[1-e -0.16(t-0.2) ] for males and females, respectively. The growth performance index was estimated as 5.5 and 5.9 for males and females, respectively, indicating a faster growth rate for females. Sex ratio was 1male:0.7female. Based on macroscopic gonad observation, maturation cycle consisted of five stages; immature, developing, spawning, regressing and regeneration phases. The GSI index indicated that reproduction of the C. damascina in the River Beheshtabad occurred between March and June, with the highest value average of 10.63 for males in March and 12.02 for females in May. Oocyte diameters ranged from 0.57 to 2.47 mm , with a mean value of 1.30 mm. Absolute fecundity ranged between 2266 and 51770 eggs, with a mean of 15363±12031 eggs. Absolute fecundity and fish size (fork length and total weight) were significantly correlated. Relative fecundity varied from 11 to 65, with a mean value of 33±12.23 eggs per g of total body weight. Key words: Growth, Reproduction, Fecundity, Capoeta damascina , Cyprinidae, Iran