In the first study, the optically active nanocomposites (NCs) based on poly(amide-imide) (PAI) and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) inorganic nanoparticles () were fabricated through the ultrasonic process. At first to prevent the agglomeration of ZrO 2 in the polymer matrix, the surface of ZrO 2 was modified with citric acid (CA) in the basic medium as a biocompatible modifier. Then, the synthesized PAI was reinforced with modified and PAI/ZrO 2 -CA NCs were synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation The PAI was prepared by a green and simple polycondensation reaction of trimellitylimido-L-leucine with 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone using of triphenyl phosphite and molten tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as green medium. The Modified and synthesized NCs were charaterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, and AFM. The FE-SEM and TEM images showed that the modified rather uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The TGA data implied that the obtained NCs have more thermal stability than pure PAI. In the second study, in order to synthesis of biocompatible NCs based on chiral PAI and ZrO 2 , The surface of was modified with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a biodegradable and biocompatible modifier. Then the product was embedded into the PAI matrix. The Modified and obtained NCs were characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, and TGA. FT-IR and TGA confirmed the coupling of PVA on the surface of ZrO 2 . TEM images showed that the modified are core-shell in shape, actually ZrO 2 are covered by a nanometer-thick layer of PVA about 10 nm that obviously confirms the coating of PVA on the surface of ZrO 2 NPs.