In this thesis, the new nanocomposites (NCs) based on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and modified ? -MnO 2 nanoreods were prepared through solvent-casting technique with the assistance of ultrasonic irradiation. The surface of synthesized ? -MnO 2 nanorods was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (KH550), L -valine amino acid (LVA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In following, the NC films were prepared by adding different quantities of modified ? -MnO 2 nanorods (1, 3 and 5 wt%) in the PVC matrix and identified by different methods. The effect of modified nanorods on mechanical and thermal properties of PVC was studied. The results showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of NCs containing modified nanorods were improved compared to pure PVC and PVC NCs containing unmodified nanorods. The performance of prepared NC films as adsorbent was investigated for adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions. The obtained data showed that the PVC/ ? -MnO 2 -KH550, PVC/ ? -MnO 2 -LVA and VC/ ? -MnO 2 -PVA NCs have a good potential for removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions.