In this project, bis( p -aminobenzoic acid)- N -trimellitylimido- S -valine, bis( p -aminobenzoic acid)- N -trimellitylimido- L -methionine, N -trimellitylimido- L -methionine and 5-(2-phthalimidyl-3-methyl butanoylamino)isophthalic acid were prepared as diacid monomers. These monomers have S -valine and L -methionine moieties and are optically active. The structures of these compounds were confirmed using FT-IR, 13 C NMR, 1 H NMR spectroscopies, specific rotation and elemental analysis techniques. Several series of optically active poly(amide-imide)s, poly(amide-ester-imide)s, wholly aromatic polyamides and polyesters were prepared by reaction of these new diacids with different diols or diamines. Direct polycondensatios were applied to prepare the polymers. Tosyl chloride (TsCl)/ N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF)/pyridine (Py) condensing agent was used to prepare polyesters and this condensing agent as well as thionyl chloride in Py, TsCl/triphenylphosphine oxide/Py, N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)/triphenylphosphite (TPP)/Py and TPP in ionic liquids were also used as condensing agents to prepare new polyamides. All of these processes are direct methods for polymerization and there is not need to prepare diacid chloride for polymerization reactions. The use of ionic liquids as solvent and catalyst for polyamidation reaction eliminate the need of volatile and toxic solvents such as NMP and pyridine. Two methods were applied to prepare polyamides in ionic liquids; conventional heating and microwave irradiation. Using microwave irradiation as a source of energy, polyamides were obtained in a short time, and this is the main advantage of this method. The resulting polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 13 C NMR, 1 H NMR spectroscopies, specific rotation, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting polymers had inherent viscosity ranging 0.25-0.75 dL/g. These polymers show good to high thermal stability, have flexible amino acids and show almost good solubility in most polar organic solvents. Polymers from 5-(2-phthalimidyl-3-methyl butanoylamino)isophthalic acid have bulky pendent groups and consequently reduce packing efficiency of polymer chains, therefore, show higher solubility. Because of existence of amino acids in the polymers chains, these polymers are expected to be biocompatible and biodegradable. Due to the chirality, these polymers can be used in chromatography for chiral resolution of racemic mixtures.