Stachys setifera is one of the medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae with numerous therapeutic properties and grows in some parts of Iran. It is a hydrophilic plant but is also drought tolerance. This plant is adapted to humid conditions and next to water resources, which is also due to the Aerenchyma that is tolerant to flooding conditions. To investigate the anatomical, phytochemical and seed production characteristics of this plant that determines the genetic suitability of the plant, a randomized complete block design was used with three replications using ten genotypes collected from Isfahan, Hamadan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari provinces, Tehran and Mazandaran. The results of selfing and open pollination showed that the plant was more capable of producing seed in the open state of pollination and was therefore considered an open-pollinator. The results of plant anatomy analysis showed significant differences among genotypes at 1% level for anatomical characteristics including different tissues aerenchymas. The highest aerenchyma area at root and rhizome level belonged to the Garm-darreh genotype and the highest shoot aerenchyma area belonged to the genotype of Rahan. Since aerenchyma levels are associated with flood tolerance and flooding, Garm-darreh genotypes and Rehnan are considered the most tolerant genotypes to flooding. Stem aeranchima had a significant correlation with plant yield traits such as fresh weight, dry weight, plant water percentage and selfing ratio, and therefore, it was concluded that stem aeranchima could also affect plant production. Among the genotypes studied, the genotype of Rahan had the highest fresh and dry weight of the plant, making it suitable for medicinal and economic purposes ie production of the highest amount of essential oil. There was also a positive and high correlation between the number of selfed seeds with fresh weight (0.65) and dry weight (0.71), indicating that the genotype of Rehnan is probably the best genotype for the possible production of inbred lineage by selfing. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis Keywords : Stachys setifera , Aeranchyma, Essential oil, Seed production
