Magneto-photonic crystals (MPCs) are formed when magnetic materials are introduced into photonic crystal structures. It has been shown that MPCs can greatly enhance the magneto-optical (MO) responses such as Faraday rotation and Kerr rotation of an available MO material. The MO bulk materials cannot provide the required responses along with the essential micro dimensions of the integrated photonics. That's why MPCs have received great attentions in their two-decade-old history. The large MO enhancement in MPCs makes them attractive for realizing nano-sized film-type optical devices such as isolators, circulators, magnetic field sensors, MO spatial light modulators and so on, for use in the integrated photonics. Almost all of the theoretical studies on the one-dimensional (1D) MPCs, which are the scope of this thesis, are exclusively carried out using the transfer matrix methods (TMM). The TMM is an exact method but provides little insight into the fundamentals of the performance of MPCs. In fact, the matrix approach provides only exact numerical results and no analytic formulation of the responses, according to the variables of the system, is presented. Almost all of the MPC structures offered to meet some specific features have been designed utilizing trial and error or iterative techniques along with the TMM to evaluate the responses. Therefore introducing an analytical method for investigation and design of MPCs has been interesting. Moreover, the few efforts which have been made so far to introduce an analytical approach to investigate the 1D MPCs, suffer from many restrictions. In this thesis, we introduce an approach based on the temporal coupled mode theory (CMT) to investigate the 1D MPCs. Unlike the TMM, the proposed analytic method provides formalism of the responses and does not suffer from the restrictions of the other analytic methods. Hence, the proposed method is promising for the accurate analysis and the design of MPCs. Utilizing the method, an explicit comprehensive procedure is presented for synthesizing an MPC to generate any desired performance at the central frequency. In order to generate the desired performances precisely and by short structure, a kind of MPC heterostructures is introduced and used in the design process. Meanwhile, the capability of asymmetric structures in the synthesis of MPCs, especially in reducing the structure length relative to the symmetric structures is investigated. Finally, by utilizing the presented analytic approach, we design MO wide-band structures by taking advantage of multiple-cavity MPCs. A procedure is presented for the design of wide-band structures by utilizing the coupled mode equations and taking advantage of the MPC heterostructures. Consequently, wide-band MPCs with flat spectra for the responses including Faraday rotation are presented. The presented structures have few magnetic layers relative to wide-band MPCs introduced by other groups. Keywords: Magneto-photonic crystals; Faraday rotation; Magneto-optics; Coupled mode theory; Transfer matrix method; Synthesis; Band-width